The "past and present" of the magnetic bead method of nucleic acid extraction technology

Background:

Since the birth of Watson and Crick’s DNA double helix model, biology has entered a new era. In the biological world, DNA is required, and the central law is required. The extraction of DNA has become the field of biomedicine and even agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. The foundation of scientific research in all disciplines. With the rapid development of genetic diagnosis, genetically modified food testing, personalized medicine, etc., the current nucleic acid extraction technology is no longer able to meet the needs of today's biotechnology, and there is an urgent need for a high-throughput and automated nucleic acid extraction method. . In this context, the magnetic bead method for nucleic acid extraction came into being.

Technical introduction of magnetic bead method:

Magnetic bead nucleic acid extractor is a high-tech product that combines biological science and nanomaterial science. It is a major breakthrough in nucleic acid extraction and purification technology in my country. It completely solves the long-term dependence on imports for nucleic acid extraction and purification in my country. The magnetic bead method of nucleic acid extraction has advantages that traditional DNA extraction methods can’t match, which are mainly reflected in: ① It can realize automation and large-scale operation. At present, there are 96-well automatic nucleic acid extractors, which can be achieved with one sample extraction time. The processing of 96 samples meets the high-throughput operation requirements of biology, which enables rapid and timely response to infectious disease outbreaks. This feature makes traditional methods unmatched; ②Simple operation and short time, the entire extraction process has only four steps , Most of them can be completed within 30-40 minutes; ③ safe and non-toxic, do not use toxic reagents such as benzene, chloroform in traditional methods, and reduce the harm to experimental operators to a minimum, which is fully in line with modern environmental protection concepts; ④ magnetic beads and nucleic acid The specific binding makes the extracted nucleic acid have high purity and high concentration.

The principle of magnetic bead extraction: according to the same principle as the silica gel membrane spin column, the surface of superparamagnetic nanoparticles is modified and modified by nanotechnology to prepare superparamagnetic silica nanomagnetic beads. The magnetic beads can specifically recognize and efficiently bind with nucleic acid molecules on the microscopic interface. Using the superparamagnetism of silica nanospheres, under the action of Chaotropic salts (guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine isothiocyanate, etc.) and an external magnetic field, DNA and RNA in blood, animal tissues, food, pathogenic microorganisms and other samples can be collected Isolated, can be used in clinical disease diagnosis, blood transfusion safety, forensic identification, environmental microbial testing, food safety testing, molecular biology research and other fields.

Magnetic bead extraction process: magnetic bead nucleic acid extraction can generally be divided into four steps: lysis-binding-washing-elution.